Java Predicate及Consumer接口函數(shù)代碼實現(xiàn)解析
Predicate函數(shù)編程
Predicate功能判斷輸入的對象是否符合某個條件。官方文檔解釋到:Determines if the input object matches some criteria.
了解Predicate接口作用后,在學(xué)習(xí)Predicate函數(shù)編程前,先看一下Java 8關(guān)于Predicate的源碼:
@FunctionalInterfacepublic interface Predicate<T> { /** * Evaluates this predicate on the given argument. * * @param t the input argument * @return {@code true} if the input argument matches the predicate, * otherwise {@code false} */ boolean test(T t); default Predicate<T> and(Predicate<? super T> other) { Objects.requireNonNull(other); return (t) -> test(t) && other.test(t); } default Predicate<T> negate() { return (t) -> !test(t); } default Predicate<T> or(Predicate<? super T> other) { Objects.requireNonNull(other); return (t) -> test(t) || other.test(t); } static <T> Predicate<T> isEqual(Object targetRef) { return (null == targetRef)? Objects::isNull: object -> targetRef.equals(object); }}
從上面代碼可以發(fā)現(xiàn),Java 8新增了接口的默認(rèn)(default)方法和(static)靜態(tài)方法。在Java 8以前,接口里的方法要求全部是抽象方法。但是靜態(tài)(static)方法只能通過接口名調(diào)用,不可以通過實現(xiàn)類的類名或者實現(xiàn)類的對象調(diào)用;默認(rèn)(default)方法只能通過接口實現(xiàn)類的對象來調(diào)用。
接下來主要來使用接口方法test,可以使用匿名內(nèi)部類提供test()方法的實現(xiàn),也可以使用lambda表達(dá)式實現(xiàn)test()。體驗一下Predicate的函數(shù)式編程,使用lambda實現(xiàn)。其測試代碼如下:
@Testpublic void testPredicate(){ java.util.function.Predicate<Integer> boolValue = x -> x > 5; System.out.println(boolValue.test(1));//false System.out.println(boolValue.test(6));//true}
第1行代碼:定義一個Predicate實現(xiàn),入?yún)镮nteger,返回傳入?yún)?shù)與5做比較。第2,3行代碼調(diào)用第一行,傳入相關(guān)參數(shù)。
Consumer函數(shù)編程
Consumer接口的文檔聲明如下:
An operation which accepts a single input argument and returns no result. Unlike most other functional interfaces, Consumer is expected to operate via side-effects.
即接口表示一個接受單個輸入?yún)?shù)并且沒有返回值的操作。不像其它函數(shù)式接口,Consumer接口期望執(zhí)行帶有副作用的操作(Consumer的操作可能會更改輸入?yún)?shù)的內(nèi)部狀態(tài))。
同樣,在了解Consumer函數(shù)編程前,看一下Consumer源代碼,其源代碼如下:
@FunctionalInterfacepublic interface Consumer<T> { /** * Performs this operation on the given argument. * * @param t the input argument */ void accept(T t); /** * Returns a composed {@code Consumer} that performs, in sequence, this * operation followed by the {@code after} operation. If performing either * operation throws an exception, it is relayed to the caller of the * composed operation. If performing this operation throws an exception, * the {@code after} operation will not be performed. * * @param after the operation to perform after this operation * @return a composed {@code Consumer} that performs in sequence this * operation followed by the {@code after} operation * @throws NullPointerException if {@code after} is null */ default Consumer<T> andThen(Consumer<? super T> after) { Objects.requireNonNull(after); return (T t) -> { accept(t); after.accept(t); }; }}
從上面代碼可以看出,Consumer使用了Java 8接口新特性——接口默認(rèn)(default)方法。接下來使用接口方法accept,體驗一下Consumer函數(shù)編程。其測試代碼如下:
@Testpublic void testConsumer(){ User user = new User('zm'); //接受一個參數(shù) Consumer<User> userConsumer = User1 -> User1.setName('zmChange'); userConsumer.accept(user); System.out.println(user.getName());//zmChange}
在Java 8之前的實現(xiàn)如下:
@Testpublic void test(){ User user = new User('zm'); this.change(user); System.out.println(user.getName());//輸出zmChange}private void change(User user){ user.setName('zmChange');}
Predicate和Consumer綜合應(yīng)用
為了詳細(xì)說明Predicate和Consumer接口,通過一個學(xué)生例子:Student類包含姓名、分?jǐn)?shù)以及待付費用,每個學(xué)生可根據(jù)分?jǐn)?shù)獲得不同程度的費用折扣。
Student類源代碼:
public class Student { String firstName; String lastName; Double grade; Double feeDiscount = 0.0; Double baseFee = 2000.0; public Student(String firstName, String lastName, Double grade) { this.firstName = firstName; this.lastName = lastName; this.grade = grade; } public void printFee(){ Double newFee = baseFee - ((baseFee * feeDiscount)/100); System.out.println('The fee after discount: ' + newFee); }}
然后分別聲明一個接受Student對象的Predicate接口以及Consumer接口的實現(xiàn)類。本例子使用Predicate接口實現(xiàn)類的test()方法判斷輸入的Student對象是否擁有費用打折的資格,然后使用Consumer接口的實現(xiàn)類更新輸入的Student對象的折扣。
public class PredicateConsumerDemo { public static Student updateStudentFee(Student student, Predicate<Student> predicate, Consumer<Student> consumer){ if (predicate.test(student)){ consumer.accept(student); } return student; }}
Predicate和Consumer接口的test()和accept()方法都接受一個泛型參數(shù)。不同的是test()方法進(jìn)行某些邏輯判斷并返回一個boolean值,而accept()接受并改變某個對象的內(nèi)部值。updateStudentFee方法的調(diào)用如下所示:
public class Test { public static void main(String[] args) { Student student1 = new Student('Ashok','Kumar', 9.5); student1 = updateStudentFee(student1,//Lambda expression for Predicate interfacestudent -> student.grade > 8.5,//Lambda expression for Consumer inerfacestudent -> student.feeDiscount = 30.0); student1.printFee(); //The fee after discount: 1400.0 Student student2 = new Student('Rajat','Verma', 8.0); student2 = updateStudentFee(student2,//Lambda expression for Predicate interfacestudent -> student.grade >= 8,//Lambda expression for Consumer inerfacestudent -> student.feeDiscount = 20.0); student2.printFee();//The fee after discount: 1600.0 }}
通過簡單對Predicate接口和Consumer接口進(jìn)行應(yīng)用,對函數(shù)式編程有了一個直觀認(rèn)識。
以上就是本文的全部內(nèi)容,希望對大家的學(xué)習(xí)有所幫助,也希望大家多多支持好吧啦網(wǎng)。
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